Neurocognitive disorders refer to a range of conditions that affect brain function and involve cognitive processes. These disorders are also commonly called cognitive disorders and are associated with changes in cognitive functioning. Neurocognitive disorders can arise from many different causes, including genetic factors, brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and trauma. Some examples include:

Alzheimer's Disease: One of the most common neurocognitive disorders, usually characterised by progressive memory loss, cognitive decline, and personality changes. It is typically seen in older adults and may worsen over time.
Vascular Dementia: A type of dementia caused by problems in the brain's blood vessels. It may occur when brain tissue is damaged as a result of stroke or other vascular events.
Frontotemporal Dementia: A type of dementia affecting the frontal and temporal lobes. FTD is often associated with personality changes, language difficulties, and cognitive decline.
Parkinson's Disease Dementia: Involves cognitive difficulties that may emerge as Parkinson's disease progresses. In addition to movement problems, thinking and memory difficulties are associated with Parkinson's disease dementia.
Huntington's Disease: A hereditary disorder caused by a genetic mutation. It includes movement disorders, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms.
Schizophrenia: A psychiatric disorder involving difficulty distinguishing between reality and fantasy and cognitive impairment. It is usually characterised by thought disorder, hallucinations, and paranoid thinking.

Treatment for neurocognitive disorders is generally aimed at relieving symptoms and providing support. Various approaches may be used, including medication, therapy, and social support. The treatment plan is usually adapted to the specific disorder and the individual's needs.