Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition classified among mood disorders. It is characterised by extreme emotional fluctuations and mood changes. A person's emotional state may shift over time between periods of mania, hypomania, and depression.

Bipolar disorder is classified into two main types:

Bipolar I Disorder: This type includes at least one manic episode. Mania is characterised by symptoms such as excessive energy, hyperactivity, inflated self-confidence, reduced need for sleep, and shortened attention span. This type also includes depressive episodes.
Bipolar II Disorder: This type includes hypomania — a milder form of mania — rather than full mania. Hypomania shows manic symptoms but is usually milder and shorter in duration. This type also includes depressive episodes.

Treatment usually involves a multidisciplinary approach and may include medication (mood stabilisers, antipsychotics), psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and support groups. Treatment is personalised according to the person's symptoms, lifestyle, and overall health.